Literature Review on Leadership Theories, Leadership styles and Research Paper

Writing Review on Leadership Theories, Leadership styles and Visioning - Research Paper Example This liberality and offbeat style has been adjusted by numerous ICT organizations. Facebook has the equivalent easygoing office spread out and furthermore gives workers free food. Viximo has a â€Å"come and go as you please† strategy and really urges their workers to set up their own business. The inquiry presently is whether this initiative styles are truly borne of the innovation or an alteration of the exemplary ones. Worker Leadership As ahead of schedule as 1977, Robert Greenleaf as of now concocted Servant initiative hypothesis. He contends that incredible pioneers are the ones that serve his constituents. However, prior scholars like Socrates and Xenophon (Adair, 1989) accepted that pioneers should lead by serving and much sooner than that is St. Paul who freely announced that his procedure in administering others and causing them to tail him is by serving them. This is a similar methodology utilized by Jesus Christ. Despite the fact that many may scrutinize his person a as God, nobody can scrutinize the enormity of his administration style (Cross, 1998). ... These things permit the representatives to develop and learn and carry out their responsibilities (Dess and Picken, 2000). The trial of whether worker administration (Greenleaf, 1977) is successful lies in the profitability of the individuals inside the association. Worker pioneers demonstrate the framework is working when individuals are increasingly autonomous and capable outperform the nature of work expected of them. It very well may be contended that an association with a hireling chief really fills a need, not the individual. A few instances of worker pioneers are Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela. They all standard their country however put their motivation up front as opposed to depending on their persona. This permits the individuals to pivot their confidence on a fantasy rather than an individual. It reinforces their confidence in a dream rather than an individual (Zohar and Marshall, 2001). Activity Centered Leaders Adair (1973) likewise built up the Action-Centered Leader ship hypothesis. This pioneer unmistakably separates three degrees of administration: the group, the activity, and the individual. These three components require separate methodologies yet additionally cover as each can't be worked in a vacuum, one must be worked in thought with the other two. This hypothesis contends that there is no initiative style that might be viewed as the best kind and that few styles may really be utilized in a solitary association by one individual. The key is in figuring out what kind works best for a specific circumstance. On the off chance that worker authority puts the members’ need in up front, ACL accepts that the assignment is the most significant component in driving an association (Adair, 1989). Leaderless Theory This is, maybe, the most up to date of the new speculations that are developing and furthermore the one that is legitimately affected by ICT. Ori Brafman and Rod Beckstrom

Battery Rule Free Essays

In each get-togethers and establishment, morals and good with respect to one’s contemplations, activities and verbal articulation ought to continually saw to evade any ethically and truly harming outcomes from an improper commitment of specific people. For social establishments and get-togethers including authority angle, each individual particularly those with prevalent position should circumspectly watch the said moral rule. Take for instance the case that happened in the Betts Lincoln-Mercury Dealer Company including the physical harm brought about by a representative coming about because of the wrong pony playing of the president during an office party. We will compose a custom article test on Battery Rule or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now The spin-off of the occasion at the workplace party prompted the legitimate quest for Caudle, the worker, suing the leader of the organization for his unseemly activity prompting genuine anxious harms to the previous. Nonetheless, the president countered by saying that the activity was a piece of the joking around of the whole gathering during the gathering and that he had not proposed to hurt anybody explicitly the offended party. In the part of administering for this case, one should really and basically think about the occasion situation and its moral part. It isn't obviously demonstrated for the situation whether Caudle is include in the aggregate term of the gathering that took an interest in the joking around during the workplace party hence this creator will believe him to be avoided. In view of which, this creator contends that the offended party didn't take an interest from the pony playing consequently it is a lot of unseemly for the president who is included to pull the said prank on him. Another contention is that, the electric auto condenser that is engaged with the episode posts a danger of stun for any individual who holds it. In light of which, playing with the said thing on an indispensable anxious spot mostly the rear of the head directly beneath the fleeting of the cerebrum and back of the spinal rope is a lot of unseemly since it can prompt genuine apprehensive harms. On account of the said contentions and reasons, this creator emphatically leads with the side of offended party wherein president Betts to be sure dedicated an activity that prompted genuine anxious harms however with no grave expectations. His must without a doubt be liable for his activities and in this way should repay the casualties for the detailed harms and intricacies. Step by step instructions to refer to Battery Rule, Papers

How to Create an Outline Example For Research Paper

How to Create an Outline Example For Research PaperDo you know how to create an outline example for research paper? Well, this is an important step in creating the structure of your paper. In fact, it is the first one. The structure of your research paper is a very important factor that you must consider carefully.You should start with an outline example for research paper so that you will know what is needed in order to prepare the outline. Otherwise, you can end up wasting time and effort because of some minor issues that you overlooked. If you are writing a research paper on a particular topic, it would be best if you don't use it as your outline.After all, if you are going to write about some information, you need to have enough information so that you can include a lot of details. Another thing that you should note is that you should not use as an outline the outline you made when you wrote your research papers. This will just confuse you. Instead, you should make a new outline. On the other hand, if you think that you are having difficulty writing an outline, then you can use the outline example for research paper. You can save time by using this instead of doing it on your own. It will also save you the time that you might have wasted on trying to work on your outline. You don't have to write a huge outline either.When you create an outline, you should also consider information that can be considered as facts. If you are going to use as your outline example for research paper, you can write down all the information that you already know. If you know something, you can write it down in your outline so that you will know what information you need to include in your research paper.After you have written down all the information, you should organize them so that you will know which information is the most important and what information is not so important. You should also make notes on what you did not know. You can start at the top of the page and work your way down to the bottom. At the bottom of the page, you should write the things that you can change. After you have included all the information that you think is necessary, you can add some details.Finally, when you are writing an outline for research paper, you can write down your ideas in a few lines. You can use the research paper outline as your help guide. However, you can make the information that you want to include in your research paper only if you have a good outline. With this, you will be able to add all the information that you want.Now that you know how to create an outline example for research paper, you should have all the knowledge that you need in order to prepare an outline. You will also have an idea of what information you want to include in your research paper. This will help you improve your research paper.

Powerpoint. Slide 2. What Is Socio-Economic Status (Ses).

Powerpoint Slide 2: What is Socio-economic status (SES)? Socio-economic status (SES) is an ‘economic and sociological measure of an individual’s or family’s economic and social position in relation to others’ (Stevenson Lindberg, 2010). The Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) is divided into five quintiles ranked by an individual or groups socio-economic status starting from most disadvantaged (lowest quintile) to least disadvantaged (highest quintile). The SEIFA is important in understanding socio-economic status because it assists in understanding the different social status’ within society and what has affected the individuals that has led them to qualify for a particular quintile. Some of the factors that affect how†¦show more content†¦independent, catholic, public. As stated in Independent Schools Victoria (2016), one common misunderstanding is that â€Å"non-government schools receive more government funding than government schools. This is wrong†. This is a vital fact to be aware of before learning about why funding differentiates between low socio-economic and high socio-economic schools. Slide 5: Below are some socio-economic characteristics that differentiate the funding between independent and public schools; Slide 6: For many students, university is not nearby. The location of universities can be expensive in themselves because of petrol costs or myki fares. Therefore, this can become a rather large factor for low socio-economic individuals if they are unable to afford these modes of transportation. Although there are numerous online university courses available nowadays, there are only a limited number that does not involve any mode of transport. In Victoria, the majority of universities are based in the city, Melbourne apart from a few seperate campuses placed across outer regions of Victoria. For example, for students in the Geelong area, the only available local university is Deakin University. There are other colleges and TAFEs in the area, but only having the option of one local university is very limited for many students who would prefer a higher education. Slide 8: There are numerous factors of a teachers socio-economicShow MoreRelatedErp Sap Research Paper46896 Words   |  188 PagesP T Y, Limited Pearson Education North Asia Ltd Pearson Educaci6n de Mexico, S.A. de C. V. Pearson Education Malaysia, Pte. Ltd. PEARSON Prentice Hall nï ¿ ½t f ï ¿ ½ r This book is bution In sale or distri Canada. the U.S.A. or 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN-13: 978-0-13-233531-7 ISBN-I0: 0-13-233531-X - 1 This book is first and foremost dedicated to the l1wny students whOln I have taught and learned from over the years including the design and implelnentation of ERP systems in the real-worldRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesthomsonrights@thomson.com. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 11 10 09 08 07 ExamView  ® and ExamView Pro  ® are registered trademarks of FSCreations, Inc. Windows is a registered trademark of the Microsoft Corporation used herein under license. Macintosh and Power Macintosh are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Used herein under license. Library of Congress Control Number: 2006933904 Student Edition: ISBN-13: 978-0-495-11873-2 ISBN-10: 0-495-11873-7 ââ€"   To my nephews, JesseRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pagesthe Publishers. 2  © Pearson Education Limited 2011 Contents Acknowledgements Introduction Using this Manual Planning Your Approach Designing the Teaching Scheme A Guide to Using the Work Assignments A Guide to Using the Case Studies Strategy Lenses The Exploring Strategy Website A Guide to Using the Video Material Exploring Strategy Teachers’ Workshops Teaching Notes for Student Work Assignments Case Study Teaching Notes 6 7 8 8 12 19 20 25 27 27 28 28 29 Chapters 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesPerspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject

USS Leyte (CV-32) - Korean War Aircraft Carrier

Nation:  United StatesType:  Aircraft CarrierShipyard:  Newport News ShipbuildingLaid Down:  February 21, 1944Launched:  August 23, 1945Commissioned: April 11, 1946Fate:  Sold for scrap, 1970 Specifications Displacement:  27,100 tonsLength:  888 ft.Beam: 93 ft. (waterline)Draft:  28 ft., 7 in.Propulsion:  8 Ãâ€" boilers, 4 Ãâ€" Westinghouse geared steam turbines, 4 Ãâ€" shaftsSpeed:  33 knotsComplement: 3,448 men Armament 4 Ãâ€" twin 5 inch 38 caliber guns4 Ãâ€" single 5 inch 38 caliber guns8 Ãâ€" quadruple 40 mm 56 caliber guns46 Ãâ€" single 20 mm 78 caliber guns Aircraft 90-100 aircraft A New Design Designed in the 1920s and early 1930s, the US Navys  Lexington- and  Yorktown-class aircraft carriers were planned to fit within the restrictions set forth by the  Washington Naval Treaty. This placed limitations on the tonnage of different types of warships as well as capped each signatory’s total tonnage. These types of rules were furthered by the 1930 London Naval Treaty. As world tensions increased, Japan and Italy left the treaty structure in 1936. Upon the collapse of this system, the US Navy began work on a design for a new, larger class of aircraft carriers and one which utilized the lessons learned from the  Yorktown-class. The resulting design was longer and wider as well as incorporated a deck-edge elevator system. This had been used earlier on  USS  Wasp  (CV-7). In addition to carrying a more sizable air group, the new class mounted a greatly enlarged anti-aircraft armament. Work began on the lead ship,  USS  Essex  (CV-9) on April 28, 1941. With the US entrance into  World War II after the  attack on Pearl Harbor, the  Essex-class rapidly became the US Navys standard design for fleet carriers. The first four ships after  Essex  followed the types original design. In early 1943, the US Navy made multiple changes to improve future vessels. The most noticeable of these alterations was the lengthening the bow to a clipper design which allowed the addition of two quadruple 40 mm mounts. Other changes included moving the combat information center below the armored deck, improved aviation fuel and ventilation systems, a second catapult on the flight deck, and an additional fire control director. Though known as the long-hull  Essex-class or  Ticonderoga-class by some, the US Navy made no distinction between these and the earlier  Essex-class ships. Construction The first ship to move forward with the revised  Essex-class design was USS  Hancock  (CV-14) which was later re-dubbed Ticonderoga.  It was followed by additional vessels including USS Leyte (CV-32).  Laid down on February 21, 1944, work on Leyte began at Newport News Shipbuilding.  Named for the recently fought Battle of Leyte Gulf, the new carrier slid down the ways on August 23, 1945.  Despite the end of the war, construction continued and Leyte entered commission on April 11, 1946, with Captain Henry F. MacComsey in command.  Completing sea trails and shakedown operations, the new carrier joined the fleet later that year. Early Service In the fall of 1946, Leyte steamed south in consort with the battleship USS Wisconsin (BB-64) for a goodwill tour of South America.  Visiting ports along the continents western coast, the carrier then returned to the Caribbean in November for additional shakedown and training operations.  In 1948, Leyte received a compliment of new Sikorsky HO3S-1 helicopters before moving to the North Atlantic for Operation Frigid.  Over the next two years it participated in several fleet maneuvers as well as mounted an air power demonstration over Lebanon to help deter a growing Communist presence in the region.  Returning to Norfolk in August 1950, Leyte quickly replenished and received orders to move to the Pacific due to the beginning of the Korean War. Korean War Arriving at Sasebo, Japan on October 8, Leyte completed combat preparations before joining Task Force 77 off the Korean coast.  Over the next three months, the carriers air group flew  3,933 sorties and struck a variety of targets on the peninsula.  Among those operating from Leytes deck was Ensign Jesse L. Brown, the US Navys first African American aviator.  Flying a Chance Vought F4U Corsair, Brown was killed in action on December 4 while supporting troops during the Battle of Chosin Reservoir.  Departing in January 1951, Leyte returned to Norfolk for an overhaul.  Later that year, the carrier began the first of a series of deployments with the US Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean.   Later Service Re-designated an attack carrier (CVA-32) in October 1952, Leyte remained in the Mediterranean until early 1953 when it returned to Boston.  Though initially selected for deactivation, the carrier received a reprieve on August 8 when it was selected to serve as an anti-submarine carrier (CVS-32).  While undergoing conversion to this new role, Leyte suffered an explosion in its port catapult machinery room on October 16.  This and the resulting fire killed 37 and injured 28 before it was extinguished.  After undergoing repairs from the accident, work on Leyte moved forward and was completed on January 4, 1945.   Operating from Quonset Point in Rhode Island, Leyte commenced anti-submarine warfare activities in the North Atlantic and Caribbean.  Serving as flagship of Carrier Division 18, it remained active in this role for the next five years.  In January 1959, Leyte steamed for New York to begin an inactivation overhaul.  As it had not undergone the major upgrades, such as SCB-27A or SCB-125, that many other Essex-class ships had received it was deemed surplus to the fleets needs.  Re-designated as an aircraft transport (AVT-10), it was decommissioned on May 15, 1959.  Moved to the Atlantic Reserve Fleet in Philadelphia, it remained there until being sold for scrap in September 1970. Selected Sources DANFS: USS Leyte (CV-32)NavSource: USS Leyte (CV-32)Hull Number: USS Leyte (CV-32)

The Effects Of Punishment And The History Of Prison...

Introduction The desire and history of the correction system is necessary to recognize though we are trying to comprehend where the system stands today. The correction system today has appears to came long way from where it was countless years ago. This paper is going to discuss the history of punishment and the history of prison development. It will also discuss the Pennsylvania system and the Auburn system and how they compare. The final topic that will be discussed will be the impact and the involvement of prison labor overtime. The first experiences of punishment were severely barbarous and contained stuff such as pure torture beatings, marking and mutilation.† American†¦show more content†¦Prisons in today’s world has come a long way since prisons in the past, they still need some work done to create them to be in a better habitat to stay in for inmates, however they still are improving from when prisons use to be. Prisons or jails in the past were common with the basic tolerant of what punishment was described earlier. Previous prisons were much sever and also committed with the punishment process from days long past. As of today’s jails or prisons appear a slightly more comfortable. Within the past prisons appeared to be lonesome and depressed, for inmates who had to live there, and with no structure or directions to pursue. The total of people who have been locked up has obviously risen since then; the total of people being locked up started to rise in America in the 1970s . This trend in American people ending up in jail or prison is continually rising as the years go by. As of 1999 and 2000, the rate of offenders incarcerated in federal prisons has sky rocketed by nine percent† between† that time frame. Before around two million people resided in state and federal prisons. During the last two decades the number of offenders in prison, on probation, or on parole has majorly increased to over six million. In the early 19th century the development of penitentiaries started to come into effect as a means to control deviant behavior, but this idea ended up

E-Business Applications Online Market and Customers

Question: Discuss about the E-Business Applications for Online Market and Customers. Answer: Description JB-Hi-Fi was created in Australia in the year 1975 this was an electronic store. Initially when it was established there were just 50 employees who used to work on JB-Hi-Fi. Then the work force with corresponding clients was very less in number. The company afterwards slowly expanded its business and decentralized it in Europe. The company has spread the entire market to all over the world including Asia, UAE etc. JB-Hi-Fi is dealt with online product in Australia and also it is regarded as a store, it involved in the bidding of different categories like electronics, automobiles, books, and furniture including real estate belongings.(Kirkman, 2001) As per the company massive variety of branded product in all type are available. To achieve all the quality available one has to visit the stock for availing some exclusive discount that are giving on special brands. (Etemad, 2001) JB-Hi-Fi is a store that is solely depending on the online market and the customers are also love to access it by online. The JB-Hi-Fi can be called as advanced brand for finding a new era of shopping, carrying millions of inspiring products from the city to the doorstep in very convenient process. This is the innovative approach to find out the actual location, need to worry about what the time is or how busy the lifestyle is. It is the new way to efficient by new way of shopping without any hackle which is basically unspecified to preserve the assembly in effective way with maintaining some standard of quality. This is a store but not in the manner of conventional window way, and serving more or less all product by online media. If we search for any option of online store which offers any kind of product in Australia is actually this company. It is actually called as online shopping mall in simple way where we can find all products (Brynjolfsson, 2011) This online store and company provides all electronics goods and fashion items which wide variety of perfumes, cosmetics and jewelry and also we can find watches. It also shops for perfumes and cosmetics, jewelry and watches. The company contracts with all items that deal with sports and games. This online store also deals with home and kitchen items with providing its beautification. Applications that are used in kitchen and that are connected with special goods that run in electricity and other properties are obtainable in this connected store; all kitchen applications are really available here in this purpose. Bedroom appliances also included in the list with also outdoor applications with some applications and that are also included which can be delivered directly to home. The ease of use of the ecommerce site The e-commerce site is valuable for the consolidated area where persons can login using their unique qualification, choose merchandise whichever they want. Thus, persons need not to go actually to any of the spending complex and adjacent stores. Once people chose any product from site they can make compensation through online portal. The e-voucher will be produced and people need not to worry about the delivery of the product. As this are the online stores therefore no need to worry about the limitation of the customer visit. Using E-Commerce, association can increase their marketplace to the universal and worldwide markets with least money asset. A civilization can simply find more clients, best workers and suitable commercial connections through the earth.(R Cagliano, 2014) E-Commerce like JB-Hi-Fi helps connotation to decrease the rate to generate procedure, allocate, recover and achieve the daily constructed statistics by digitizing the facts. E-Commerce amplified the efficiency of JB-Hi-Fi. It supplies to pull different kind of source management. In supply management, the commercial procedure jumps when an appeal comes from a client and it customs just-in-time process in the industrial method. E- Business applications currently used JB-Hi-Fi is one of the major supply chain management organizations where people can always maintain the database of the stock and transact information into a statistical system. Currently the organization upholds this activity into a separate internal web application. Where the dedicated people entered the information into the system and they can manually generate different kind of report for solving the purpose. (Stock, 2001) Sometimes most of the people of the organization maintain spreadsheet for maintaining the sales and purchase information and finally at the end of the month or year they tallied the information with the management of the company. (Kalakota, 2009) Thus this process is typically cumbersome approach to solve the business goal and also the company is unable to handle huge number of customers at a time. To recover the problem the company has decided to take over an e-commerce application and spread their business across the world.(Michael Evans, 2016) E-Commerce marketing strategies The most stimulating fragment of JB-Hi-Fi is not setting it up but to stable in the current market with compare to the other e-commerce organization. There are lots of methods the company can go for change in the field of marketing, fromSEO,PPC, and unvarying videos that are available in YouTube. Social Media: One of the best methods of the marketing plan is the promotional offer to the customer and exposes the companys general information to the social media. The companies always try to advertise their new upcoming product and the advantage of that in real life into the social sites like Facebook, Twitter etc. (SHABBIR, 2010). Email marketing: This type of marketing plan typically achieved using the different discount voucher and promo code offer for the customers. Applying these policies will definitely create a good base for the company and its online store. Integrate Instagram: It is another way to publish the marketing plan for the company. To more explain about the plan the site guests are challenging different types of involvements that supply to their requirements and benefits.(LEE, 2002) Create Content to Build Stickiness: Charming e-commerce organizes crowd-sourced be gratified for branding a site quiet sticky for probable purchasers.These things should be more attractive so that the customers are very attractive and build the interest about the product of the company. E- Commerce Supply chain strategy For JB-Hi-Fi, one of the major experiments narrates to inventory. When the management contemplates over the procedure, and then understands that the company cannot have enough money to save the considerate the need of improvement in order to do the business that management wants. In the preliminary phases, it might be restored to set up ane-commerce websitewhich sell, and have somebody else accomplish inventory, delivery, and returns. Product sourcingis finding a basis of products to trade that the company do not manufacture themselves. This type of tracking should be there in the system.(BALLOU, 2003) Inventory Management is core improvement and mandatory requirement of any type of E-Commerce industry (CHOPRA MEINDL, 2012). The system should display and track the latest information regarding stock and price structure of the application. And it should be rendered into the website. The website also display different category of the same product but different pricing.(Khurana, 2006) With this idea in mind, the investigation obtainable and required for founding the right plan for supply chains rendering to the invention section. The manufacturers of JB-Hi-Fi typically do not need to worry with minor shops. Traders have an auctions power, and capitals, in place exactly for allocating the goods to e-commerce trades that will retain the goods. E- Commerce Security strategies For JB-Hi-Fi backup team has some special task to protect all data and information that are typically backed up by the process in typical oriented structure.(GODINHO FILHO FERNANDES, 2004) The company has sole responsibility about data backup and its security and it should also be there to revoke all conditions and revert back all data after deletion after some unavoidable circumstances. The main purpose of all the policy is find out the typical methods of backup steps and its policy of the companys all data in soft copy as well in the hard way to keep it.. Security and protection are practice properties, amenities, workforces and patients are important to the effective and efficient working of different types of practice. This Policy delivers an agenda which permits us to achieve resources in the most secure way (Wang, 2012). Another security policy is the secure socket layer, it typically protects the website information from the hackers and robot control virus which usually spread over the network to steal the secure information website. This is harmful because, JB-Hi-Fi retains the customer information including the personal detail into the website. Also during login type, the company should be careful about the Captcha information which tracks the people is authenticated or not. IT architecture Below screen is the typical architecture of an E-Commerce website for build the coding structure and retrieve the information quiet easily and quickly(LAUDON LAUDON, 2011). This structure typically handles the internal architecture of the company. Payment processing is one of the major parts of E-Commerce website. To do this, the developer gets the information from the merchant website and gets some information using connection with bank. (Ambler, 2014) The style sheet and bootstrap information is required for flexible usage of the application. From the above structure we can see that, from internet the users can access the website URL and get login into the website using the unique credential. Once login, the user redirects to the landing screen of the website. The IT team has implemented a dynamic page for displaying the product with all the information. Once selected by the user it has been done the product added to the cart. The cart is an area where the product typically added to cookie of the client site area. After that it reads all data from cookie and sends to the payment page for making payment through Credit Card, Debit Card etc. References Ambler, S. W., 2014. An Object-Oriented Architecture for Business-To-Consumer Electronic Commerce On The Internet. An Object-Oriented Architecture for Business-To-Consumer Electronic Commerce On The Internet. BALLOU, R., 2003. Supply Chain Management, Prentice Hall. Supply Chain Management, Prentice Hall. Brynjolfsson, E., 2011. Computing productivity: Firm-level evidence. Computing productivity: Firm-level evidence. CHOPRA, S. MEINDL, 2012. Supply Chain Management: Strategy, Planning and Operation. Supply Chain Management: Strategy, Planning and Operation. Etemad, H., 2001. E-commerce: The emergence of a field and its knowledge network. E-commerce: The emergence of a field and its knowledge network. GODINHO FILHO, M. FERNANDES, 2004. Strategic Paradigms for Manufacturing Management. Strategic Paradigms for Manufacturing Management. Kalakota, R., 2009. e-Business. e-Business. Khurana, A., 2006. Supply Chain Strategy for E-commerce. Supply Chain Strategy for E-commerce. Kirkman, G., 2001. The global information technology report 2001-2002. The global information technology report 2001-2002. LAUDON, K. LAUDON, J., 2011. Management Information System. Management Information System. LEE, H. L., 2002. Aligning supply chain strategies with product uncertainties, California Management Review. Aligning supply chain strategies with product uncertainties, California Management Review. Michael Evans, 2016. 12 E-Commerce Strategies To Grow Your Business This Year. 12 E-Commerce Strategies To Grow Your Business This Year. R Cagliano, F. C., 2014. E-business strategy: how companies are shaping their supply chain through the internet. E-business strategy: how companies are shaping their supply chain through the internet. SHABBIR, 2010. [Infographic] A Roadmap of 19 Ecommerce Marketing Strategies. [Infographic] A Roadmap of 19 Ecommerce Marketing Strategies. Stock, J., 2001. Strategic logistics management. Strategic logistics management. Wang, D., 2012. 13 Actionable Marketing Tactics to Drive Sales (And Apps to Execute Each of Them). 13 Actionable Marketing Tactics to Drive Sales (And Apps to Execute Each of Them).

Environmental factors which influence Accounting Systems

Introduction The aim of accounting systems is to offer useful information to stakeholders that can enable them make proper economic decisions. Stakeholders may include the government, the society or shareholders of a company. The accounting systems therefore reflect the needs and interests of the stakeholders.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental factors which influence Accounting Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Accounting systems and practices have characteristically taken different patterns in various parts of the world. National systems of accounting have usually been influenced by environmental factors. Environmental factors have always determined the accounting policies, systems, regulations, financial reporting among many others. The accounting systems and practices in a country are determined by the political and economic system, the ownership patterns, legal and taxation system as well a s the cultural values. The UK accounting systems and practices has also been considerably influenced by these factors. The UK legal system The country has a limited statute law that guides its commercial system (Day 2000). For example, in dividend cases, courts have to form their own judgments on indefinable concepts of capital as well as income taking case-by-case basis. In the UK, professional accounting as well as company law plays key function in the UK financial reporting. The state regulates accounting as well as financial reporting of businesses within the country through the Companies Act and other legislations. It also uses professional pronouncements and also maintains the requirements for stock exchange listings. The regulations are implemented by the Accounting Standards Board as well as the London Stock Exchange. The Financial Reporting Council is generally in charge of policy control particularly in the processes of standards setting.Advertising Looking for essay on accounting? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Accounting Standards Board together with the Financial Reporting Review Panel are in charge of reviewing the financial reports of companies so as to ensure accurate reporting of information. According to Day (2000) cases of violations of accounting standards set by the Accounting Standards Board are also reviewed by the Review Panel. The Review Panel could also take the matter to court for court action against the company for not complying with the standards. The court rulings are made according to the accounting principles. The directors of the company have to be responsible for the costs. The London Stock Exchange on the other hand issues to companies the listing requirements. It requires that companies publish their semiannual interim reports and also disclose information on corporate governance as well as the director’s remuneration (Day 2000). UK taxation systems The UK taxation system is highly affected by the objectives of the government. The taxation system has little control in financial reporting in the UK. However, the accounting standards in the UK have been set to reflect the taxation system and the tax authorities in the country are adapting approaches that respond to the accounting standards (Cuzdriorean, Fekete Sucala 2010, 97). In the UK, public accounting reports provide the basis under which tax liabilities are determined. The published accounting reports are as such adjusted so as to be used for determining tax charges (Cuzdriorean, Fekete Sucala 2010, 97). They are therefore submitted separately from those to be sent to shareholders. The provider of capital In the UK, the requirement for public accountability as well as disclosure is always greater in situations where there is a large shareholding than in cases where the firm is under family ownership (Day 2000). In cases of state ownership, the accounting systems are usually cen trally controlled and this usually supersedes microeconomic objectives of the firm. The activities of the organisation also have an influence on the nature of the accounting practices as well as systems. The accounting systems depend on whether the company is manufacturing or agricultural; or whether it is a multinational company or a large group of companies. According to Day (2000) separation of business ownership and control have usually mandated for accurate financial report practices.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental factors which influence Accounting Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The political system The country’s political system significantly influences the nature of accounting systems in the UK since the accounting systems and practices have to reflect the political philosophies as well as the objectives of the UK political system. For example, the objectives and philosoph ies regarding central planning or private firms are influenced by the political system. The UK economic system According to Aghimien, Mitchell, and Overholser (2009) the UK’s economy is the fourth-largest globally and the second-largest in the European Union. The country’s economy is highly developed and in addition, it has a diversified market-based economy. It has a financial market which is founded on financial systems. In this case the stock market provides finances to large-scale businesses as well as trading securities. It has benefitted from indirect foreign influence particularly from the accounting standards used in the US as well as directives from the EU community. Economic growth and challenges led to the introduction of inflation accounting in the country in the 1980 (Bromwich 1992, 82). The policy was implemented through the Statement of Standards Accounting Practice 16. It required that financial reporting by companies also provide information on Current Cost Financial Statements. Accounting principles majorly focus on the investor needs as well as the significance of transparency. Although the UK depends largely on financial direct investment from outside shareholders, the UK lawmakers have not created a powerful securities commission which can be vested with the mandate of regulating the accounting as well as financial reporting. Besides, there have not been detailed rules regarding this. The UK sustains shareholders investments by ensuring that companies make full disclosure of the financial reports. According to the Aghimien, Mitchell, and Overholser (2009) the UK government believes that full disclosure would assure shareholders and all the stakeholders that the management of the organisation is operating in their best interest. UK cultural values The UK cultural values in relation to accounting emphasize respect for social as well as status obligations; however, this should be within limits; willingness to overcome personal i nterests so as to achieve purposes; virtuous accounting life; making funds available through large savings for the purposes of investment among others.Advertising Looking for essay on accounting? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The UK cultural values also emphasize individual professional judgment and also require individuals to maintain professional self-regulation. Presentation of an organisation’s financial position as well as results largely depends on the judgement of an independent accountant professional (Bromwich 1992, 78). Again, professional accountants of an organisation or working for an organisation should uphold confidentiality and to only make disclosure of information to those in the management or those who provide finances to the company. However, the financial statements are supposed to be made public. Conclusion Accounting systems and practices in the UK are greatly influenced by environmental factors. Environmental factors determine the policy regulations, taxation systems, financial reporting as well as the objectives of the accounting systems in companies. They also influence the accounting principles implemented for accounting practices. Reference List Aghimien, P., Mitchell, S., Overholser, H., 2009, A comparative analysis of significant influences on the accounting systems of diverse European countries and the USA. Journal of International Business Research, 8 (2). London: The DreamCatchers Group. Web. Bromwich, M., 1992, Financial reporting, information and capital markets. London: Pitman. pp. 78-82. Cuzdriorean, D., d., Fekete, s., Sucala, l., 2010, An attempt of measuring fiscal influence over accounting of Romanian Listed Companies. Annales Universitatis Apulensis Oeconomica, 12(1): 95-111. Web. Day, R., G., 2000, UK accounting regulation: An historical perspective. School of Finance Law Working Paper Series 20. Fern Barrow: Bournemouth University. Web. This essay on Environmental factors which influence Accounting Systems was written and submitted by user Zane D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

AP Capstone Essay Essay Example

AP Capstone Essay Essay Example AP Capstone Essay Essay AP Capstone Essay Essay In order for women to purchase clothe Eng, money was an element that separated wealthy fashions from poor fashions. William Norwich h, Times Style Entertaining editor, claims that the runners of New Works fluidity is cash, and the society of cash is fashion(Norwich 7). He believes that the way we talk about money is I n resemblance to how we talk about fashion. This statement is true for the 19th century where different fashions corresponded to how much money an individual has, however this perception n has changed over time Throughout the 19th century, people could easily identify whether an individual al strictly belonged in the upper, middle, or lower class based on their clothing; however re, overtime, women have gained the freedom to determine what clothing they want to we r despite their economic class. In the 1 9th century, wealthy people participated in balls, went to theatres, attended operas, enjoyed concerts, viewed horse races and art exhibitions, and went to luncheons. All these events differ in activity, however they all possess one similar classification on an elegant dress code. In order to be seen as being in the upper economic class, proper fashion attar IS a must. These were set social norms that people lived with, usually wealthy Poe peel. According to the Victorian Albert Museum, fashions worn by the wealthy reflected their I ivies and aspirations (V 1). This was their way of life and what people usually lived f or. Meaning that their life value depended on if they had access to appropriate clothing for the time period and had an ability to maintain inclusion in the upper economic class. This put a lot of pressure on women in this century, where they prepared for numerous hours for events t hat they were going to attend for an hour or so. This popular culture of elegant clothing for extra again events created a society where the amount of money defined whether an individual Was in the upper class or not. Careers such as dressmakers and tailors thrived since they been fitted tremendously from many wealthy men and women who required these services for their eve ready clothing. But what was fashion like for the middle class or lower class in the 1 9th cents woman who was poor in the 19th century maintained a sole purpose to survive e and provide for their families. Due to the lower classs consistent need to survive and work, fashions of the [1 9th] century were not practical for working women (Tussling 3). Women esp. NT all day constantly moving, and the extravagant dresses of the wealthy werent specific ally fit for high class women. Socially and economically, women of the lower class were display cede and this culture influenced women to wear fashions fit to their economic class. The luxuries of the wealthy were things that they desired, but they couldnt economically afford b cause the little money they made was focused on eating and paying important bills. Women I n the middle class however, possessed clothes similar to wealthy, but they werent usually as ext ravaging or the same elegant fabrics of the wealthy women. Overall, during the 19th century, fashions of extravagant dresses and elegant clothes resembled wealth while fashions of s implicitly and comfort resembled the middle class and poor. Today, in the 21st century, the wealthiest of Americans are either lawyers, physicians/ doctors, or married into the wealth ( NY Times 1). Of these wealthy American s, do they carry the legacy of the 1 9th century, where fashion symbolized their weal the? Overtime the definition of fashion has altered drastically. Many wealthy people of America t happily wear regular clothing through online shopping, thrift stores, or other common SSH popping locations such as Macys and etc (Adrian 6). The focus has shifted from traditions Of lee gang and extravagant clothing for simple events such as horse races and luncheons, an d has shifted to rather simple clothing (usually composed of Theists and jeans) to basketball g Ames, sporting events, or other common activities. In todays century, fashion has rather beck mom more of an art rather than an outlet for wealthy, rich people. More wealthy people that are I n the top 1 percent of America usually are focused on their careers and making money. For exam peel, the Dallas Mavericks owner, Mark Cuban, wears a simple Mavericks This that supports is team and jeans on a daily basis, but he owns a 765 million dollar basketball team gyms bobbling his extreme wealth ( ESP. News Services 2). His fashion is similar to an average A American Mavericks fan. The only thing that separates Mark Cuban from the average A American is his ownership of a multimillion dollar basketball team. Rather than fashion reflect ting ones wealth, like in the 19th century,currently people in the lower or middle class can wear clothes that resemble clothes Of the wealthy, while people who are wealthy can wear clot hinge that one would identify as middle or lower class. This differs the 19th century where this free doom of choosing how clothing reflects ones economic level wasnt present. However an individual al sets themselves out to be, essentially establishes economically where they stand including the choices they make in life good or bad. Whereas in the 1 9th century if you were born p or, you were usually stuck poor; however, in the 21st century, if you are born poor, but word k hard to gain a quality education and apply certain aspirations in life, qualifies one to establish h themselves anywhere in the economic hierarchy whether its upper, middle, or lower class So the question is, what changes have occurred over time? Well, during the 19 the century, the amount of or lack of money defined who and where you were in society s socially and economically. Wealthy people are all over America, but sometime we wouldnt be able to spot the difference from an extremely wealthy American to a normal, average Name Rican just by looking at the type of clothing they wear. Also someone who flak nuts wealthy c looting/fashions isnt essentially as wealthy as they appear to be. Now currently in the 21st Cent turn, the century of change and innovation, has shifted from traditional norms to more opening d and intuitive thinking. Many people find very nice and presentable clothing from simple pal sec such as thrift stores and other name brands that arent as expensive. Our society has become me less vain and has began to focus on ways to express themselves through clothing based on per sonar preferences, In contrast to previous times, where your fashion solely defined who you are. D urinating 19th century, fashion dominated wealth, however in the 21st century, despite echo ionic level, one can dictate their fashion style. Fashion has become a way of one expressing them selves, as theyre re many different styles (hobo, nerd, memo, gothic, preppy, etc. In comparison n to the 19th century where there was one traditional style. As Coco Channel stated, and hi chi still lingers on today is that, fashion changes, but style endures. The main focus of the research was to effectively provide information on ha t caused and initiated the change of womens fashion over time throughout the 19th c entry in comparison to the 21st century. Initially, I believed that money didnt affect fashion any did fervently than it did in the 19th century versus now. After approaching and reviewing the con mimic classes of the 19th century and its effect on womens clothing my perception about women s fashion and its connection with money changed. Throughout the 1 9th century, there was a h age divide between the have and the havent. This illustration of the have and havent was high helmeted through the wealthy ability to possess extreme amounts of luxury items and the ability t o travel and enjoy life worry free. The wealthy were also well clothed to an extreme, so there WA s an undeniable and obvious difference in the fashion of the upper class and the working class women. With that Egan to realize that money was a tool in determining where one stood con amicably in the 19th century whereas in the 21 SST century this establishment of economic class sees based on fashion was more liberal and varied. When writing at first, I solely focused the simple connection between money and fashion. I failed input multiple perspectives and view nuts that all contribute to an argument. Was simply stating information that I learned and not essentially presenting an argument. Not only did this make me have to reevaluate what I was communicating but it was also a huge learning experience in understanding how to draw injections between outside viewpoints. Varied viewpoints werent the only t hinge that changed my initial views of fashion overtime, but diverging opinions such as crediting t genealogical advances for the widespread liberal like feeling and freedom of clothing for w omen often emerged. This may have helped produce an abundance in the amounts of cool thing in society, however this is not the main and sole reason of why women began to wear a variety of clothing. With social movements such as the Womens Rights Movement and the wide parade popularity of affordable thrift shopping enhanced and allowed women of all socioeconomic ICC classes to wear what they desired. This diverging opinion helped enrich my opinion and Reese rich, and made me think of our research problem thoroughly because it opened my viewpoint to different lenses and realize how fashion effected all sorts of political, scientific, social, ethical, con mimic,and other perspectives that Ive previously didnt consider in researching. With looking a t historical museums, such as the Victorian and Albert Museum, that described the con mimic divide between classes to observing how individuals with power and influence shape how we think of fast ion assisted in learning how fashion changed. By selecting evidence that truly sup ported my claim, analyzing and evaluating this evidence, and understanding the context and the e argument, I realized how fashion was much bigger than just a simple piece of decorated material. With all the new perspectives, diverging opinions, and new discoveries , was able to conduct research on the factors that attributed to the change of fashion overt mime. Our group decided to approach the research question by picking different lenses that woo old deem to be necessary in truly understanding the effects of fashion overtime. Our group c NC duded that the historical, ethical, religious, social, and economic lenses accurately establish a well structured argument. The difficult part of this component was ensuring that throughout our research that we were essentially on the same page throughout the entirety of the project. Co mining together our group decided to write our theses and a main idea of our topic in order to all effectively understand what was going on throughout the research. This was an effective choice because was able to understand fully the whole idea of the project which assisted in la term creating a thesis for our group paper. We came up with a thesis that covered all of our claims under three main points. The steps taken throughout the research were all focused in ensuring that the group continued to cohesively be on one page. Overall, I was satisfied in the way our group worked together in order to understand the effects on fashion. This procedure of eke ping in mind to be on the same page helped our research, analysis and presentation to be executed in a preserve manner.

Research business proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Research business proposal - Essay Example In addition to integration into corporate structures and processes, CSR also frequently involves creating innovative and proactive solutions to societal and environmental challenges, as well as collaborating with both internal and external stakeholders to improve CSR performance (McDonald & Rundle-Thiele, 2008). The proposed research paper will address the issue of definition as well the nature of the challenges calling for public and private sector action on the CSR front. It also intends to outline components that can be used by businesses and other organizations to review and potentially enhance their performance in relation to CSR. It will further explore the best practices on the part of industry to attain positive and proactive outcomes on CSR. Additionally, the proposed research paper will also provide an outlook of Industry activities and initiatives that support the promotion of CSR and that define and provide pragmatic viewpoints on the linkages between CSR and innovation. It will also offer some recommendations for the further exploration of CSR. There are different concepts and factors that are considered of importance in the operation and management of different types and forms of organizations. One of the said factors is the corporate social responsibility or CSR. The terms can be considered synonymous to corporate responsibility, corporate citizenship or responsibility in business. ... 3.3. Data collection method . 15 3.4. Ethical issues.. 16 3.5. Data analysis & Nature and form of results... 17 3.6. Variables 17 4.0. References 18 5.0. Appendix. 19 1.0. Introduction 1.1. Background There are different concepts and factors that are considered of importance in the operation and management of different types and forms of organizations. One of the said factors is the corporate social responsibility or CSR. The terms can be considered synonymous to corporate responsibility, corporate citizenship or responsibility in business. The main principle for the said concept is the need of the company to take responsibility on its operation on the basis of the fact that the establishment of an enterprise can affect the community and the environment one way or another (Catalyst Consortium, 2002). The detrimental effects of the continuous industrialization and modernization of the corporate world had turned the trend of the organizations and companies from the objectives of financial prowess solely towards expansion of aims and priorities in terms of responsibilities thus including the welfare of the environments and surroundings including the adjacent communities and other issues related to ethics and behaviours of the employees and the members of the company or organization. The CSR then can be defined on the basis of giving attention to three objectives that includes the profitability in the financial aspect, the social responsibility and the environmental issues and concerns (Catalyst Consortium, 2002). 1.2. Problem Statement and objectives Corporate social responsibility can be said as idea whereby business organizations consider the interests of society by taking obligations for the

Attitude Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Attitude - Assignment Example There are issues with compatibility, security vulnerabilities from viruses and crashing of systems. The role of cognition in the development of the attitudes I have towards Coca-cola is that I leant to associate their products as perfect fits for my needs. On the other hand, I always fear that my computer and the window-based programs in it can crash any time. I am not sure that Microsoft products will perform well enough each time I switch on my computer. These attitudes affect my view of these two brands. Coca-cola has always used an advertising campaign that fits well with its business objective of ensuring that there is always a Coca-cola product near you when you need it. I see coca-cola posters everywhere, in addition to television advertisements. Microsoft on the other hand uses online advertisements. From this analysis, I see that indeed, my attitudes towards these brands came from my experiences. I made decisions because of my impressions from experiences with the brands that now manifest as attitudes towards the

History of Cinema Essay Example for Free

History of Cinema Essay From the very beginning its existence the cinema has created works of art worthy to stand comparison with the masterpieces of painting, music, literature, and theatre. Even more than that, the cinema is irremovably embedded in the whole history of the twentieth century. It has not only shaped but also reflected the reality of the times. The cinema gave also form to the aspirations and dreams of people all over the world. This work will focus on the main historical factors and the conditions surrounding the history of film-making. However, it is also the case that it is simply impossible, in a work of this size, to do justice to all the many individuals, technologies and processes that have played noteworthy roles in the history of cinema. The history is not only interesting in its own right; it can also illuminate with particular clarity how the cinema works as a whole. This work consists of four main parts: the Early times, the Silent Cinema, the Sound Cinema, and the Modern Cinema from 1960 to the modern times. In each part the paper looks at history of the cinema in general. As far as possible this paper will cover each development from a broad international perspective. The Early Cinema From the beginning the cinema developed quickly. What in 1890 had been just a dream had by 1913 grown into a whole industry. First films were just moving snapshots. They were only one minute in length and nearly all consisted of just one shot. By 1905, the films were usually five to ten minutes in length and included changes of site and camera position to create a story or show a theme. Later, in the early 1910s, when the first feature-length films appeared, there little by little emerged new techniques for handling complex stories. At this time the process of creating of films had itself grown into a large-scale business. Specialist offices had emerged, exceptionally intended to the making of films. During the 1910s the heart of supply became Los Angeles Hollywood. The early cinema of from the mid- 1890s to the mid-1910s is often called pre-Hollywood cinema. The cinema of this period has also been called pre-classical. Actually the styles of filmmaking common in the early years have never been completely shifted by Hollywood or classical modes, even in America. Many films continued to be pre- or at any rate non-Hollywood in their style for a long time. But it is right to say that much of the cinema development in the years from 1906 or 1907 can be considered as laying the ground for what later became the Hollywood industry. Silent Cinema On the contrary to popular belief, the history of animation did not begin with Walt Disneys sound film Steamboat Willie in 1928. Before that film there was a popular tradition, a film industry, and a vast number of films considering nearly 100 of Disneys (Hayward 234). The general history of the animated film begins with the use of transient trick effects in films around the turn of the century. As several genres emerged (Westerns, chase films, etc. ). During 1906-10, there appeared at the same time films made all or mostly by the animation technique. Since most films were a single reel. There was little programmatic difference between the animated films and others. But the multi-reel film trend developed after around 1912. Animated films retained their one-reel-or-less length. Until the First World War, animation was a completely international phenomenon. However, after about 1915 the producers in the United States began to control the world market. In a quarter of a century, the silent cinema created a tradition of film comedy. The cinema arrived at the end of a century that had witnessed a rich development of popular comedy. Later, the new proletarian audiences of the great cities of Europe and America found their own theatre in music hall, variety, and musical comedy. With these popular audiences, comedy became constant demand. When life was bad, laughter was a comfort; when it was good, they wanted to enjoy themselves just the same. Famous comedy mime troupes of the music halls, like the Martinettis, the Ravels, the Hanlon- Lees, and Fred Karnos Speechless Comedians, can be seen as direct predecessors of one-reel slapstick films. Karno, in fact, was to train two of the greatest film comedians, Charlie Chaplin and Stan Laurel (Hayward 56- 58). The term documentary did not become popular use until the late 1920s and 1930s. In the beginning it was applied to various kinds of creative non-fiction screen practice in the post-First World War, classical cinema era. Originating films in the category have typically comprised Robert Flah erty s Nanook of the North ( 1922), various Soviet films of the 1920s such as Dziga Vertovs The Man with the Movie Camera (Chelovek s kinoapparatom, 1929), Walter Ruttmanns 11Berlin: Symphony of a City (Berlin: die Sinfonie der GroBstadt, 1927), and John Griersons Drifters ( 1929) (Cook 89). Early documentarians used the magic lantern to create complex and often sophisticated programs out of a succession of projected photographic images. The images were accompanied by a live narration, with an occasional use of music and sound effects. By the turn of the century, films were gradually replacing slides. This in turn gave rise to the new terminology. The documentary tradition preceded film and has continued into the era of television and video. In this way it was redefined in the light of technological innovations, as well as in the context of shifting social and cultural forces. British films of the period were often quite sophisticated, particularly in the comic and actuality fields. Narrative editing, too, was often innovative. Sound Cinema The development from silent to sound cinema marks a period of revolution in the history of cinema. The revolution 4can be easily dated from 6 October 1927, with the New York premiere of Warner Bros. The Jazz Singer in which Al Jolson pronounces the immortal line You aint heard nothin yet with more or less perfect synchronization between his lips in the film and his voice recorded in parallel on a disc (Hjort 90). Filmmakers began to use innovative sound technology that produced panic in cinema industry. In the same time it encouraged experiments and hopes too. While it decreased popularity of Hollywoods films for several years, it stimulated a rebirth of national film production all over the world. This period in the history of cinema has specific features that make it unique in comparison with the years before and after. The coming of sound itself, and its world-wide implications is the first look. Then the focus is on the world of the studios, how the system operated particularly in Hollywood and how different aspects of the cinema were combined together during the studio period. The studios were not entirely free to make films simply for the market. The system also encountered problems of how to regulate itself to take account of political, social, and moral concern. While other countries experienced political censorship of varying degrees of severity, the Hollywood cinema suffered relatively little interference from central government. The Hollywood was instead faced with carefully orchestrated demands for a moral clean-up and the risk of intervention by local censor boards (Neale 78-79). Along with spoken dialogue, the major innovation of the sound cinema was synchronized music. The art of musical illustration that was used during the silent period was changed by the synchronized music. A considerable difference was, certainly, that filmmakers began to use music as a part of the fictional world. For instance, music could now be introduced when the film showed an orchestra or an actor performing a song. Then, sound film would use music not only to the picture, but to dialogue as well. Music became pure background. Composition, performance, and recording were all subject to studio control, and the production of musical tracks of high quality can be counted one of the greatest achievements of the system. Outside Hollywood music tracks were often less polished. But directors were more often free to work with composers of their own choice, and Sergei Prokofievs music for Eisen stein s Alexander Nevsky (1938) provides an interesting contrast to two classic Warner Bros. scores of the same period Erich Korngolds The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938) and Max Steiners Casablanca (1943). Modern Cinema  The most significant change in world cinema since 1945 was that produced by the breakdown of the Hollywood studio system and of its competitors and imitators elsewhere. By the early 1960s the Hollywood system was in severe disarray. Declining audiences and a series of costly flops left the major studios on the verge of bankruptcy or open to hostile take-over. While the studios experienced difficulties, new enterprises such as American International Pictures emerged. These companied made low-budget movies that were intended for the new youth and drive-in markets. Many new genres came into being. One of such innovations was the road movie. It proved to be influential not only on more mainstream American films but throughout the world. The mainstream itself was forced to innovate, drawing inspiration both from the down-market competition and from the new cinemas emerging in Europe. In Europe the most important single event was the sudden explosion on to the scene of the French New Wave the Nouvelle Vague with first features by Claude Chabrol, Francois Truffaut, Jean-Luc Godard, and Alain Resnais following each other in quick succession in 1958 and 1959 (Hjort 123). The New Wave had been briefly preceded in Britain by the Free Cinema movement, and was followed by the Young German Cinema which announced its existence in the Oberhausen Manifesto of 1962 and went on to renovate the lackluster West German cinema later in the decade. In Italy the change was less sudden but none the less significant, with the creation of Federico Fellinis La dolce vita and Michelangelo Antonionis Lavventura in 1960. It was beginning of a new art cinema. Changes in the 1960s were not confined to Europe. The Cuban Revolution in 1959 gave an impetus to the growth of new cinemas throughout Latin America, notably in Brazil (Cook 45). In Japan the studio system which had nurtured the work of the great masters such as Mizoguchi and Ozu was also in crisis, and in the changed situation allowed for the entry on to the world stage of directors like Nagisa Oshima, who was to play a role in Japanese cinema similar to that of Godard in France. The new cinemas greatly extended the boundaries of film art. They brought new audiences into the cinema, for whom films assumed an unprecedented cultural importance. Throughout the 1960s and into the 1970s the cinema spoke more directly to these mainly young audiences than did any of the more traditional art forms. But outside Italy, France and England the innovate cinema with the new realities was not popular. Because of the limits on the size of the audience, the new cinema had to be low-budget or propped up by subsidy (sometimes both) in order to survive (Guneratne 67). The new period in Hollywood cinema begins from the 1975 release of Steven Spielbergs Jaws. The film signaled the birth of a new, younger generation of Hollywood directors. Born mainly in the 1940s, they both studied the films of classical Hollywood and were influenced by the filmmakers of world cinema. George Lucas and Steven Spielberg made blockbusters with classic principles. One of the most famous filmmaker in the 1980s has been Woody Allen. Allen has made famous films, such as Interiors (1978) and Stardust Memories (1980). Conclusion There exists recognition of the fact that from the beginning the cinema has developed in remarkably similar ways all over the world. But it is also recognized that from the end of the First World War onwards, one film industry the American has played a main role in the creation of worlds cinema. However, many nations have created their own, culturally identifiable, genre films that proved extremely popular during the 1970s and 1980s. In India, for instance, a remarkable 250 film-making companies, using more than 60 studios, continued to produce 700 feature films a year throughout the 1980s (Kindem 23). The central government encouraged the making of Indian films by requiring all commercial cinemas to screen at least one Indian film per show. A star system, much like Hollywoods of the 1930s and 1940s, is strong in all parts of the world. Indeed Indian stars working on several productions at the same time can become enormously wealthy. The nations survived mainly by learning from Hollywood cinema. At the same time Europe produced a product that corresponded to needs that Hollywood cinema could not supply. Asian countries have been strong producers of film. Hong Kong, a country of only 5 million people, produces more films than Hollywood. In the 1990s Hong Kongs citizens watched Hollywood and native productions in about equal numbers. In the 1980s Hong Kong martial arts films were distributed world-wide in large numbers. With broadcasting systems combined with the rise of satellite-distributed services Hollywood penetrates even these markets. Hollywood produced the most famous icons in the world such as Steven Spielberg and Arnold Schwarzenegger. With its international control, the Hollywood corporations could and will define standards of film style, form, and content.

Response To Aol Controversy :: essays research papers

Response To AOL Controversy The article "America Online, while you can" by Bob Woods is all about the hoopla concerning the fact that America Online, or AOL, has not been able to accommodate its vast amount of customers. This is due to AOL's new flat rate, which substituted their original hourly deal. Many AOL users experience busy signals when trying to log on. When and if they do get on AOL, the service runs extremely slow because of the overload of users. Woods threatens that AOL will lose many of their customers if they don't improve their resources. Other companies should beef-up their advertising and try to cash in by targeting the unsatisfied AOL users. In this day and age of internet use, people in any given location can choose from at least fifteen national companies, such as sprintlink, compuserve, ameritech, erols and so on. Using these services are less expensive than America Online. Per month for unlimited use they average at around $10 to $15 dollars as opposed to AOL's hefty $19.95 a month. AOLers are paying for the appealing menus, graphics and services AOL uses to drive their customers to the internet. These same features can be located anywhere else on the net with the aid of any search device, such as infoseek, yahoo, microsoft network or web- crawler. These sites are no harder to use and they provide lots of helpful menus and information. In Wood's article, he states that he lives in Chicago, and AOL has several different access numbers to try if one is busy. He writes that often when he has tried to log on using all of the available numbers, and has still been unsuccessful. This is a problem for him because he is dependent on AOL to "do the daily grind of (his) job as a reporter and PM managing editor." If I was not satisfied with the performance of my internet provider, which happens to be sprintlink, I would not complain to the company. I would take my money elsewhere, especially if my job depended on using the internet. With all of the other options available, wasted time and inevitable frustration using AOL could be eliminated. I live in Richmond, Va., which is a fairly big city and have not once been logged off or gotten a busy signal using sprintlink. And I only have one access line available with my provider as opposed to AOL's multiple lines. I agree with Woods in the fact that people will (in most circumstances) get better internet service and customer service with a local, smaller or more

Complicated Attitudes Towards Female Characters Essay

I agree with this statement, as the female characters are revealed to the reader as being powerful over men, seductive, suspicious, mysterious, bewitching and in the end, cause destruction. However, in the poems, males claim some possessiveness over the females. For example; in the poem ‘La Belle Dame Sans Merci’ a beautiful woman tempts men/ knights with her ‘faery’ beauty. The knight in the poem, falls in love with her through her seductive actions, but then she abandons him. ‘ I met a lady in the meads, Full beautiful – a faery’s child’ This quote shows how mysterious the female is by describing her as a ‘faery’s child’ which basically means a mystical fairy in human form, who is playful and has magical powers. In ‘La Belle Dame Sans Merci’ the reader only gets one interpretation of the female through the knights direct speech, this reflects a complicated attitude to the reader as we have a biased opinion of the female. Also, not having direct speech from ‘La Belle’ adds to the mysterious-ness of female characters in Keats’ poetry. A male contrast in this poem is quite important, as in many of Keats’ poetry. The knight claims possession over the female. He creates garlands and bracelets for which could be used to enclose and trap her. ‘I made a garland for her head, And bracelets too, and fragrant zone’ ‘I set her on my pacing steed’ These quote shows his possessiveness over the beautiful woman. In the same way, ‘The Eve Of St Agnes’ portrays these attitudes towards females. The narrator focuses on a virgin named Madeline, describing her as pure, nieve, vague and blinded by superstition. This gives the reader the impression of her being easily led and expressing her as being quite innocent. In the poem Madeline is at a party and is oblivious to everything going on around her, she is only thinking of the legend St Agnes. St Agnes Eve is believed by virgins that on this night they will see their future husbands in the dreams. The poet describing Madeline as one of these believers, shows the theme of suspicion and witchcraft, as Madeline will perform the rites associated with St Agnes. Keats’ uses negative capability to contrast innocence with flirtatious, this happens when Madeline goes up to her bedchamber to undress for bed. ‘Of all its wreathed pearls her hair she frees; Unclasps her warmed jewels one by one; Loosens her fragrant boddice; by degrees Her rich attire creeps rustling to her knees:’ Describing the way she undresses makes her seem like shes doing a striptease. A male in the poem named Porphyro, affects the readers attitude towards Madeline, as he comes across as being the seductive one. As Madeline undresses he watches as he’s hiding in her closet. This could portray to the reader about the attitudes towards women, that Madeline purposely stipped like that, because she was thinking about and wishing to tease Porphyro. But as a coincidence, he was there watching every move, showing the powerfullness of women over men. Also, the quote: Sudden a thought came like a full blown rose flushing his brow, and in his pained heart’ Keats’s could be referring to how cunning Porphyro might be, as he was told by the old belle dame that it’s St Agnes Eve and Madeline had gone up to her bedchamber to dream of her future lover, giving him a seductive idea. To conclude, Keats uses many different methods, to have an impact on the reader about complicated attitudes towards females in his poetry. Using sympathy as a weapon for the males in his poetry. However, more indepth reading shows that there may be contrasts between men and women and that their roles can be switched over.

Recruitment and Selection in Hotel Industry - 1428 Words

Human Resource Practices In Hotel Industry INTRODUCTION TO HOTEL INDUSTRY One of the fastest growing sectors of the economy of our time is the hotelindustry. The hotel industry alone is a multi-billion dollar and growingenterprise. It is exciting, never boring and offer unlimited opportunities. Thehotel industry is diverse enough for people to work in different areas of interestand still be employed within the hotel industry. This trend is not just in India, but also globally. Modern hotels provide refined services to their guests. The customers or guests are always right. This principle necessitated application of management principles in the hotel industry and the hotel professionals realized theinstrumentality of marketing†¦show more content†¦There can be two kinds of sources of recruitment for organizations - internal and external. Internal recruitment - It means getting the candidate from within the organization to fulfil a vacancy. Internal recruitment can be done by: - Transfer - transferring an employee from one location/ department to other. - Promotion - Taking the employee higher up in the hierarchy - Ex-employees - These could be the retired or retrenched employees - Demotion - Lowering the position of an employee in the hierarchy for various reasons External recruitment - It means getting the absolutely new candidate to the company. The sources of these employees could be many: - Job notifications in the print/ online media - College campuses - Placement agents - Unsolicited applicants - Employee referral program - Employment exchange - Labour contractors Human Resources Planning * A continuous process by which hospitality companies identify future needs and how they can be met * It also includes the development of future supervisors and managers * Barriers to effective selection: The main objective of selection is to hire people having competence and commitment. 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